I've managed to fix it. The res and caa logs were very helpful, as were these forum posts, which for some reason I didn't find when I had the problem:
http://www.scalix.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=9936
http://www.scalix.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=6536
http://www.scalix.com/forums/viewtopic.php?f=20&t=4493
For future reference of anybody having this problem, I replaced __FQHN_FOR_UBERMANAGER__ with the fully qualified domain name of the server in all the configuration files. I don't know if this is a placeholder that wasn't updated because of the error during the installation, or it is a variable that should be set somewhere else but isn't for whatever reason. I also set the password for sxqueryadmin user to be sure that it matched the password in /var/opt/scalix/XX/caa/scalix.res/config/psdata. Then I restarted scalix-tomcat and SAC now works
